Style Guide for Citing Music

In the following examples, [F] indicates the style to be used in footnotes and endnotes.  [B] indicates the style to be used in bibliographies and works lists.

Citation Examples:

1. Books
   1. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruments, trans. and edited by William J. Mitchell (New York : W. W. Norton, [1949]), 97. [F]
   
   Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel. Essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruments. Translated and edited by by William J. Mitchell. New York: Norton, [1949]. [B]
2. Essays in books
   2. Gary C. Thomas, "Was George Frideric Handel gay? : on closet questions and cultural politics, " in Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology, eds. Philip Brett,  Elizabeth Wood, Gary C. Thomas (New York: Routledge, 1994), 167.  [F]
   
   Thomas, Gary C. "Was George Frideric Handel gay? : on closet questions and cultural politics." In Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology, eds. Philip Brett, Elizabeth Wood, Gary C. Thomas, 155-203. New York: Routledge, 1994.  [B]
3. Reviews of Books
   3. Robert Carl, review of Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality, by Susan McClary, in Notes - Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 48 (June 1992): 1289. [F]
   
   Carl, Robert. Review of Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality, by Susan McClary Notes - Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 48 (June 1992): 1288-1291. [B]
4. Citations found in Secondary Sources
   Occasionally, one is forced to cite an entry which refers to another important work. It may be impossible to consult the "original" work, if the original is rare, checked out, or otherwise difficult to locate. The secondary work may provide a portion of the original work, or may provide a necessary translation; you will cite the original as contained in the secondary source this way:
   
   4. Robert Schumann, "Kennst du das Land," Sämmtlicher Lieder, v.2, edited by Max Friedlaender (Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?), 212; in Norton Anthology of Western Music, 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Palisca (New York: Norton, 1988), 338. [F]
   
   Schumann, Robert. "Kennst du das Land." Sämmtlicher Lieder, v.2. Edited by Max Friedlaender.  Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?: 212-215. In Norton Anthology of Western Music, 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Palisca, 338-342. New York: Norton, 1988. [B]
5. Encyclopedias (including the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians)
   11. Michael F. Robinson, "Auletta, Pietro," in Stanley Sadie, ed., New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (London: Macmillan, 1980), I: 698. [F]
   
   Robinson, Michael F. "Auletta, Pietro." Stanley Sadie, ed., New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan, 1980. I: 697-698. [B]
6. Periodical Article (retrieved from an item on the shelf)
   6. Nicolas F. Quarrier and Hugh Stephenson, . "Anxiety Sensitivity and Performance Anxiety in College Music Students." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 20, no. 3 (2005), 119-125. [F]
   
   Quarrier, Nicolas F. and Hugh Stephenson. "Anxiety Sensitivity and Performance Anxiety in College Music Students." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 20, no. 3 (2005), 119-125. [B]
7. Periodical Article (retrieved full-text from an Electronic Database)
   7. Nigel Davison, "The Motets of Pierre de la Rue," Musical Quarterly 48 (1962), 23. http://www.jstor.org (accessed August 27, 2006) or http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4631%28196201%2948%3A1%3C19%3ATMOPDL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A [F]
   
   Davison, Nigel. "The Motets of Pierre de la Rue." Musical Quarterly 48 (1962), 19-35, http://www.jstor.org (accessed August 27, 2006) or http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4631%28196201%2948%3A1%3C19%3ATMOPDL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A [B]
8. WWW sites
   8. Chris Trueman. "The Jazz Age," available from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1920's_America.htm (accessed September 14, 2006) [F]
   
   Trueman, Chris. "The Jazz Age," available from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1920's_America.htm (accessed September 14, 2006) [B]
9. Scores
   9. William Schuman. New England Triptych: three pieces for orchestra after William Billings, (Bryn Mawr, PA: Merion Music, T. Presser, sole agent, 1957), 18. [F]
   
   Schuman, William. New England Triptych: three pieces for orchestra after William Billings. (Bryn Mawr, PA: Merion Music, T. Presser, sole agent, 1957). [B]
10. Scores (found in an anthology or collected set)
    10. Philip Brett, ed. Consort Songs. Musica Brittanica, vol.22 London: The Royal Music Association, 1967, p.8. [F]
    
    Brett, Philip, ed. Consort Songs. Musica Brittanica, vol.22 London: The Royal Music Association, 1967. [B]
11. Scores (facsimilies of manuscripts)
    11. Il Codice Squarcialupi: MS. Mediceo Palatino 87, Biblioteca laurenziana di Firenze. 15th century music manuscript, facsimile reproduction in colour with accompanying volume of studies edited by F. Alberto Gallo. (Firenze: Giunti Barbera; [Lucca]: Libreria musicale italiana, 1992), f. 14. [F]
    
    Il Codice Squarcialupi: MS. Mediceo Palatino 87, Biblioteca laurenziana DI Firenze. 15th century music manuscript, facsimile reproduction in colour with accompanying volume of studies edited by F. Alberto Gallo. Firenze: Giunti Barbera; [Lucca]: Libreria musicale italiana, 1992. [B]
12. Sound Recordings (commercially released as a physical item)
    12. Antonio Vivaldi, "The Four Seasons," Jean Lamon, violin and Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Sony Classical, SK 48251 1992. [F]
    
    Vivaldi, Antonio. "The Four Seasons," Jean Lamon, violin and Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Sony Classical, SK 48251 1992. [B]
    
    With no author/composer given:
    13. Platinum : All-time Favorites. Sony Wonder/Children's Television Workshop, LK 67660 c1996, p1995. Compact disc. [F]
    
    Platinum : All-time Favorites. Sony Wonder/Children's Television Workshop, LK 67660 c1996, p1995. Compact disc. [B]
13. Sound Recordings (from Classical Music Library database, iTunes, etc.)
    14. Ludwig van Beethoven, "Serenade in D, op.41," Jean-Pierre Rampal, flute and Robert Veyron-Lacroix, piano. Vox CDX 5000
    http://www.classical.com (accessed September 9, 2006) [F]
    
    Beethoven, Ludwig van. "Serenade in D, op.41." Jean-Pierre Rampal, flute and Robert Veyron-Lacroix, piano. Vox CDX 5000
    http://pacific.classical.com/permalink/recording/2147488511/ (accessed September 9, 2006) [B]
14. Booklets/Notes for Sound Recordings
    Useful when you want to cite the notes, but not the recording itself. CD booklets and LP record jackets or other inserts are often good sources of information, especially when the note writer "signs" the notes, article, translation, etc.
    
    15. Susan Gritton and Eugene Asti. "The Songs of Fanny Hensel" in accompanying booklet, Fanny Mendelssohn: Lieder performed by Susan Gritton and Eugene Asti, Hyperion CDA67110, 2000. [F]
    
    Gritton, Susan and Eugene Asti. "The Songs of Fanny Hensel" in accompanying booklet, Fanny Mendelssohn: Lieder performed by Susan Gritton and Eugene Asti, Hyperion CDA67110, 2000. [B]
15. Video Recordings
    16. Christoph Willibald von Gluck, Orfeo ed Euridice, Glyndebourne Opera, conducted by Raymond Leppard, produced by Peter Hall. 130 min. National Video : Home Vision, 1982. videocassette [F]
    
    Gluck, Christoph Williabald, Ritter von. Orfeo ed Euridice, Glyndebourne Opera, conducted by Raymond Leppard, produced by Peter Hall. 130 min. National Video : Home Vision, 1982. Videocassette. [B]
16. Live Performances
    17. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Requiem. Cathedral of the Annunciation, Stockton, Ca. 11 September 2006. [F]
    
    Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Requiem. Cathedral of the Annunciation, Stockton, Ca. 11 September 2006. [B]

Bibliographies are arranged in alphabetical order – by the author’s or editor’s last name.  If, on occasion, you have no author’s name, the convention is to use the TITLE (and ignore leading articles such as “the”, “a”) when placing the item alphabetically within your list.

Hanging indents are required.  A bibliographic citation is single-spaced, with a double-space between citations.